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Zofran (Ondasetron): Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Drug]] | [[Category:Drug]] | ||
[[Category:Antiemetics]] | [[Category:Antiemetics]] | ||
[[Category:5-HT3 antagonist]] | [[Category:5-HT3 | ||
{{Infobox drug | |||
| Drug_name = Zofran | |||
| IUPAC_name = (RS)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one | |||
| Image = Zofran.png | |||
| Caption = Zofran 4 mg tablet | |||
| Type = Antiemetic | |||
| Used_for = Prevention of nausea and vomiting | |||
| ATC_code = A04AA01 | |||
| Legal_status = Prescription only | |||
| Routes_of_administration = Oral, intravenous, intramuscular | |||
| Bioavailability = 58% (Oral) | |||
| Protein_bound = 70-76% | |||
| Metabolism = Liver (CYP2D6, CYP3A4) | |||
| Elimination_half-life = 3-6 hours | |||
| Excretion = Kidney (60%), feces (40%) | |||
| CAS_number = 99614-02-5 | |||
| PubChem = 43815 | |||
}} | |||
'''Zofran''' ('''ondansetron''') is an [[antiemetic]] medication used to prevent [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]], particularly in the field of [[anesthesia]]. It is a selective [[5-HT3 receptor antagonist]], which works by blocking the action of [[serotonin]] in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. | |||
==Route of administration== | |||
* Oral: Disintegrating tablets, film-coated tablets, and oral solution | |||
* Intravenous: Injection | |||
* Intramuscular: Injection | |||
==Dose== | |||
For anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting: | |||
* Adult: | |||
* Oral: 16 mg before anesthesia induction | |||
* Intravenous: 4 mg before anesthesia induction or immediately before/during/after surgery | |||
* Pediatric: | |||
* Oral: 4 mg for children aged 4-11 years, 30-60 minutes before surgery | |||
* Intravenous: 0.1 mg/kg (up to 4 mg) for children aged 1 month-12 years, immediately before/during/after surgery | |||
==Half-life== | |||
* The elimination half-life of ondansetron is approximately 3-6 hours. | |||
==Expected time to work== | |||
* Oral: Onset of action is approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours. | |||
* Intravenous: Onset of action is approximately 5-30 minutes. | |||
==Use in anesthesia== | |||
Zofran is commonly used in anesthesia to: | |||
* Prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | |||
* Prevent nausea and vomiting induced by [[chemotherapy]] | |||
* Prevent nausea and vomiting associated with [[radiation therapy]] | |||
==Side effects== | |||
* Headache | |||
* Fatigue | |||
* Constipation | |||
* Diarrhea | |||
* Dizziness | |||
==Contraindications== | |||
* Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any component of the formulation | |||
* Concomitant use with [[apomorphine]] | |||
* Patients with congenital long QT syndrome | |||
==Drug interactions== | |||
* [[Serotonin syndrome]] risk may increase when combined with other serotonergic agents (e.g., [[SSRIs]], [[SNRIs]], [[TCAs]], [[MAOIs]], [[triptans]]) | |||
==References== | |||
<references /> | |||
==External links== | |||
* {{DrugBank|DB00904}} | |||
* {{RxList|Zofran}} | |||
* {{MedlinePlus|a601209}} | |||
[[Category:5-HT3 antagonists]] | |||
[[Category:Antiemetics]] | |||
[[Category:Drugs used in anesthesia]] | |||
[[Category:Carbazoles]] | |||