Zofran (Ondasetron): Difference between revisions
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[[Category:Antiemetics]] | [[Category:Antiemetics]] | ||
[[Category:5-HT3]] | [[Category:5-HT3]] | ||
{{Infobox drug | |||
| Drug_name = Zofran | |||
| IUPAC_name = (RS)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4H-carbazol-4-one | |||
| Image = Zofran.png | |||
| Caption = Zofran 4 mg tablet | |||
| Type = Antiemetic | |||
| Used_for = Prevention of nausea and vomiting | |||
| ATC_code = A04AA01 | |||
| Legal_status = Prescription only | |||
| Routes_of_administration = Oral, intravenous, intramuscular | |||
| Bioavailability = 58% (Oral) | |||
| Protein_bound = 70-76% | |||
| Metabolism = Liver (CYP2D6, CYP3A4) | |||
| Elimination_half-life = 3-6 hours | |||
| Excretion = Kidney (60%), feces (40%) | |||
| CAS_number = 99614-02-5 | |||
| PubChem = 43815 | |||
}} | |||
'''Zofran''' ('''ondansetron''') is an [[antiemetic]] medication used to prevent [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]], particularly in the field of [[anesthesia]]. It is a selective [[5-HT3 receptor antagonist]], which works by blocking the action of [[serotonin]] in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. | |||
==Route of administration== | |||
* Oral: Disintegrating tablets, film-coated tablets, and oral solution | |||
* Intravenous: Injection | |||
*Intramuscular: Injection | * Intramuscular: Injection | ||
==Dose== | ==Dose== | ||
For anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting: | For anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting: | ||
* Adult: | * Adult: | ||
* Oral: 16 mg before anesthesia induction | * Oral: 16 mg before anesthesia induction | ||
* Intravenous: 4 mg before anesthesia induction or immediately before/during/after surgery | * Intravenous: 4 mg before anesthesia induction or immediately before/during/after surgery | ||
*Pediatric: | * Pediatric: | ||
* Oral: 4 mg for children aged 4-11 years, 30-60 minutes before surgery | * Oral: 4 mg for children aged 4-11 years, 30-60 minutes before surgery | ||
* Intravenous: 0.1 mg/kg (up to 4 mg) for children aged 1 month-12 years, immediately before/during/after surgery | * Intravenous: 0.1 mg/kg (up to 4 mg) for children aged 1 month-12 years, immediately before/during/after surgery | ||
==Half-life== | ==Half-life== | ||
*The elimination half-life of ondansetron is approximately 3-6 hours. | * The elimination half-life of ondansetron is approximately 3-6 hours. | ||
==Expected time to work== | ==Expected time to work== | ||
*Oral: Onset of action is approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours. | * Oral: Onset of action is approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours. | ||
*Intravenous: Onset of action is approximately 5-30 minutes. | * Intravenous: Onset of action is approximately 5-30 minutes. | ||
==Use in anesthesia== | ==Use in anesthesia== | ||
Zofran is commonly used in anesthesia to: | Zofran is commonly used in anesthesia to: | ||
*Prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | * Prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) | ||
*Prevent nausea and vomiting induced by [[chemotherapy]] | * Prevent nausea and vomiting induced by [[chemotherapy]] | ||
*Prevent nausea and vomiting associated with [[radiation therapy]] | * Prevent nausea and vomiting associated with [[radiation therapy]] | ||
==Side effects== | ==Side effects== | ||
*Headache | * Headache | ||
*Fatigue | * Fatigue | ||
*Constipation | * Constipation | ||
*Diarrhea | * Diarrhea | ||
*Dizziness | * Dizziness | ||
== Contraindications == | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any component of the formulation | * Hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any component of the formulation | ||
*Concomitant use with [[apomorphine]] | * Concomitant use with [[apomorphine]] | ||
*Patients with congenital long QT syndrome | * Patients with congenital long QT syndrome | ||
== Drug interactions== | ==Drug interactions== | ||
*[[Serotonin syndrome]] risk may increase when combined with other serotonergic agents (e.g., [[SSRIs]], [[SNRIs]], [[TCAs]], [[MAOIs]], [[triptans]]) | * [[Serotonin syndrome]] risk may increase when combined with other serotonergic agents (e.g., [[SSRIs]], [[SNRIs]], [[TCAs]], [[MAOIs]], [[triptans]]) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{DrugBank|DB00904}} | * {{DrugBank|DB00904}} | ||
*{{RxList|Zofran}} | * {{RxList|Zofran}} | ||
* {{MedlinePlus|a601209}} | * {{MedlinePlus|a601209}} | ||
[[Category:5-HT3 antagonists]] | [[Category:5-HT3 antagonists]] | ||